La presencia del sobrepeso y obesidad ha estado presente a nivel mundial desde hace muchas décadas más notablemente en Estados Unidos. Desde 1980 hasta 2004 los casos de obesidad infantil se han triplicado, desde un 5 a 10%. Los niños cuyos padres también son obesos tienen una mayor posibilidad de serlo. El niño y adolescente obeso, son posibles adultos obesos.
Como resultado, se ha observado un incremento de enfermedades que se han considerado «enfermedades del envejecimiento» en niños: diabetes tipo 2, colesterol alto, hipertensión, enfermedades cardiovasculares, apneas y problemas ortopédicos. Sumado a ésto, los problemas psico-social como el autoestima y burlas por parte de pares, son muy frecuentes en la vida de un niño obeso.
Motivos
El sobrepeso y la obesidad son causadas por un desbalance en donde las calorías consumidas exeden las quemadas dándole al cuerpo gran cantidad de grasa. Una vida sedentaria puede contribuir a este problema particularmente con el consumo de tecnología (television, computadora, video juegos) y el poco tiempo en movimiento.
Sin embargo, la escuela cumple un papel importante en este aspecto. Las instituciones educacionales son conscientes de este problema, y cada año diseñan programas para que sus alumnos se mantengan en movimiento. Especialistas confirmaron que cuánto mayor sea el tiempo en movimiento, mejor son los resultados y desempeño académico del niño.
[aesop_image imgwidth=»90%» img=»http://eimargentina.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/13898795-Ilustraci-n-de-un-ni-o-con-sobrepeso-en-los-videojuegos-Foto-de-archivo-1-1.jpg» align=»left» lightbox=»on» captionposition=»left»]
La alimentación
Un niño obeso o con sobrepeso consume alimentos altos en calorías, pero poco valor nutricional. Muchos de estos alimentos contienen menos vitaminas, minerales, fibras y proteínas que lo recomendable y mucha más cantidad de grasa. Algunas familias acostumbran a ingerir comidas pre-elaboradas, imposibilitando el control nutricional en cada comida.
Prevención y tratamiento
En primer lugar las familias y comunidades deben trabajar a la par para lograr prevenir la obesidad. La intervención de familiares y sus comportamientos deben comenzar a la primer señal de que el niño podría tener sobre peso. Los padres o encargados deben estar educados para que sus hijos adopten una vida saludable.
Los tiempos invertidos con la tecnología deben ser restringidos a no más de dos horas por día. Deben asegurarse que los niños tengan al menos 9 horas de descanso, ya que es vital para su organismo. La educación y participación en actividades físcas, dietas saludables y chequeos regulares son fundamentales para el tratamiento y prevención de obesidad y sobrepeso.
El rol de la actividad física
La actividad física brinda un efecto positivo en la salud y es un componente esencial en la prevención y tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad. La actividad física ayuda a bajar la presión arterial y los valores del colesterol; disminuye la grasa corporal y ayuda a mantener el peso corporal. Además favorece al desarrollo del sistema cardiovascular, incrementando la densidad de los huesos y masa muscular.
Tal como los adultos, los niños deben realizar actividad física al menos 60 minutos por día.
Actividades recomendadas
Hay muchas maneras para que los niños me mantengan en movimiento. Caminar, andar en bicicleta, bailar, saltar la soga,jugar al futbol o cualquier deporte son las ideales para realizar. Junto a la familia también se recomienda ir al zoológico, recorrer museos y parques. Es muy importante que los involucren en las tareas dirias del hogar, como pasear al perro, lavar el auto o juntar hojas del patio.
Cualquier actividad es bienvenida a la hora de querer llevar una vida saludable.
[…] Ayuda a bajar de peso, cumpliendo un rol muy importante contra la obesidad infantil. […]
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